Catalysts may be classified generally according to their physical state, their chemical nature, or the nature of the reactions that they catalyze.
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Catalysts may be gases, liquids, or solids. In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is molecularly dispersed in the same phase (usually gaseous or liquid) as the reactants. In heterogeneous catalysis the reactants and the catalyst are in different phases, separated by a phase boundary. Most commonly, heterogeneous catalysts are solids, and the reactants are gases or liquids.
- Scheme 2 represents basic difference in bulk catalysis and catalysis shown. Both of these were linked through propyltriethoxysilane to prepare a reusable catalyst TBAPIL@Si(CH 2) 3 @silica NPs.
- The General Electric Catalyst (formerly Advanced Turboprop, or ATP) is a turboprop engine under development by GE Aviation.It was announced on 16 November 2015 and will power the Cessna Denali, it first ran on December 22, 2017, and should be certified in 2020.The 850 to 1,600 hp (630 to 1,190 kW) engine aims for 20% better efficiency than its competition thanks to a 16:1 overall pressure.
- Editorial - Journal of Industrial and Environmental Chemistry (2018) Volume 2, Issue 1. The Importance of catalyst preparation. Nasrallah M Deraz. Physical Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.Corresponding Author: Nasrallah M Deraz Physical Chemistry Department.
Homogeneous catalysis
When the catalyst and the reacting substances are present together in a single state of matter, usually as a gas or a liquid, it is customary to classify the reactions as cases of homogeneous catalysis. Oxides of nitrogen serve as catalysts for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the leadchamber process for producing sulfuric acid, an instance of homogeneous catalysis in which the catalyst and reactants are gases. Traces of water vapour catalyze some gas reactions—for example, the interaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen, which proceeds only slowly in dry conditions. Sulfuric acid used as a catalyst for the formation of diethyl ether from ethyl alcohol is an example of homogeneous catalysis in the liquid phase (when the products, water and ether, are continuously removed by distillation); by this method, considerable quantities of alcohol can be converted to ether with a single charge of sulfuric acid. The inversion of cane sugar and the hydrolysis of esters by acid solutions also are examples of homogeneous catalysis in the liquid phase.
The oxidation of sodium sulfite solutions by dissolved oxygen is greatly accelerated by minute traces of copperions in the homogeneous liquid system. This system is of special interest since it has been shown that the process is a chain reaction. In this case many thousands of molecules of sodium sulfite can be oxidized to sulfate if the initial activation process is produced by absorption of a limited number of quanta (discrete energy measures) of light. The best example of a light-initiated chain reaction is the photocombination of hydrogen (H2) and chlorine (Cl2); as many as one million molecules of hydrogen chloride can be formed by absorption of a single light quantum (designated hν). Here the sequence of reaction is
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with reactions 2 and 3 repeated over and over again. It is of interest to note that such chain reactions can be retarded by the presence of negative catalysts, more commonly termed inhibitors. These are materials that slow down the overall reaction by shortening the reaction chains, generally by entering into a non-chain reaction with one of the chemical components that maintain the chain. A wide variety of substances—including alcohols, sugars, and phenols—have been found to act as inhibitors of the oxidation of sulfite solutions.
A generalized treatment of homogeneous catalysis by acids and bases was given by the Danish physical chemist J.N. Brønsted in the mid-1920s on the basis of his concept of acids and bases. According to Brønsted, an acid is a molecule that can furnish a proton, and a base is a molecule that takes up a proton. On this assumption, the range of acids includes such varied materials as bisulfate ion, HSO4−; acetic acid, CH3COOH; water, H2O; hydronium ion, H3O+; and ammonium ion, NH4+. The corresponding bases are sulfate ion, SO42−; acetate ion, CH3COO−; hydroxide ion, OH−; water, H2O; and ammonia, NH3 (these substances accept protons to yield the listed acids). Brønsted studied a number of acid- and base-catalyzed reactions, including (1) the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester, ethyl orthoacetate, (2) the basic catalysis of nitramide decomposition (H2N–NO2→ H2O + N2O), and (3) the acid-base catalysis of the conversion (mutarotation) of glucose to a closely related form. In each case, he observed a direct relationship between the velocity of the catalyzed reaction and the concentration of the catalyzing substance.
Based in part on the ideas of Brønsted, a general scheme for a change of a substance A to another substance B catalyzed by a material C can be formulated thus:
The designationZ refers to an intermediate stage, which is formed with a velocity indicated by k1; Z can disappear either to reform A + C, with a velocity k2, or it can decompose by path 2, with velocity k3, to give the product B and regenerate the catalyst C. If k3 is much greater than k2, the intermediate Z is used up almost as quickly as it is formed. The product will then be formed at a rate governed by the expression k1[A][C], in which the square brackets indicate concentrations of reactant and catalyst. If k2 is much larger than k3, however, the velocity-determining process is the decomposition of Z, the rate of formation of the product being represented by the expression k3[Z], in which [Z] is the concentration of the intermediate. Examples of both types of change have been studied.
In certain instances two or more catalysts present at the same time produce effects greater than either would produce alone. It is then customary to speak of promoter action. Thus, iron ions in solution fortify the action of copper ions in catalyzing a reaction between hydrogen peroxide and iodine. It is assumed that each catalyst activates only one of the reactants.
The most important modern examples of homogeneous catalyses are found in the petrochemical industry. The oxo reaction is one such process: carbon monoxide and hydrogen are added to olefins (unsaturated hydrocarbons) at around 150 °C (300 °F) and 200 atmospheres of pressure to form aldehydes and alcohols, oxygen-containing organic compounds. A cobalt carbonyl catalyst Co2(CO)8 is employed; this hydrocarbon-soluble catalyst is believed to activate hydrogen by formation of HCo(CO)4, which then reacts with the olefin. This reaction has led to a number of studies of organometallic chemistry. Copper, silver, and mercurycations (positively charged ions) and permanganate anions (negative ions) also are known to act as homogeneous catalysts for hydrogen activation. Palladium chloride is employed industrially in the catalytic oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of cupric chloride. The palladium is presumed to be repeatedly converted from the salt to the free metal, the function of the cupric chloride being to participate in the re-formation of the palladium salt from the metal.
Phosphoric, sulfuric, sulfonic, and hydrobromic acids are important agents in the industrial processes of isomerization, polymerization, hydration, and dehydration, as well as in the classic esterification reactions. Free radicals (molecular fragments bearing unpaired electrons) that are generated by the decomposition of peroxides or metal alkyls also initiate homogeneous catalytic processes.
Below are the SHIP trainings – Webinars – that you may have missed. Click the links below for the webinar recordings and/or PowerPoint presentations for any of the trainings. For a list of future Florida Housing Coalition trainings, click the button below.
2021
SAIL Program Overview- Recording – PowerPoint– (Feb. 18, 2020)
Proficiency in Income Qualification- Recording – PowerPoint– (Feb. 3, 2020)
2020
Final CRF Assistance and Program Completion- (CRF Training 12)- Recording – PowerPoint– (Dec. 17, 2020)
December Payments Forbearance Revisiting Reimbursements- (CRF Training 11)- Recording – PowerPoint(Dec. 8, 2020)
The Development Process- Recording – PowerPoint(Dec. 2, 2020)
Getting Rapid Rehousing Right- Recording – PowerPoint(Nov. 10, 2020)
Expedite CRF Program Completion and Landlord Orientation (CRF Training 10)- Recording – PowerPoint(Nov. 10, 2020)
Updates and New Staff Orientation (CRF Training 9)- Recording – PowerPoint (Oct. 29, 2020)
Planning for Second CRF Payment – FHFC CRF (CRF Training 8) – Recording – PowerPoint (Oct. 7, 2020)
Elected Officials Orientation to the AHAC – Recording – PowerPoint(Sept. 29, 2020)
Preparing your Housing Program for Hurricane Season – Recording – PowerPoint(Sept. 10, 2020)
Hardship and Housing Reentry (CRF Training 7)– Recording – PowerPoint
Preparing for Monitoring (CRF Training 6)- Recording – PowerPoint – CRF 3 Monitoring Checklists Combined – CRF Training 5 Q&A – How Subrecipients Should Prepare for Monitoring and Questionnaire(August 26, 2020)
Preparing and Submitting the SHIP Annual Report-Recording – PowerPoint(August 21, 2020)
CRF Reporting and FAQ Clarification (CRF Training 5) – Recording – PowerPoint – CRF AD Data Upload – FAQ Clarification – Monthly Eligibility Vertifcation – Q&A from CRF Webinar 4(August 20, 2020)
Clarification of FAQ – FAQ Clarification
Agreement Review CRF Reimbursing SHIP Mortgage Payments (CRF Training 4) – PowerPoint – CRF Application Updated – CRF Award Letter – CRF NOFA(August 10, 2020)
Key Partners – Continuums of Care and more (CRF Training 3)- Recording – PowerPoint – SHIP and CoC Crosswalk – CRF Application Updated – Largo Waivers and Authorization with HMIS – CRF Income Income Certification Form RIC(August 5, 2020)
Deploying CARES CRF Funds through SHIP Jurisdictions (Training #2) – PowerPoint – CRF LG Subgrantee Agreement – CRF Technical Guidance – Forms for CRF Assistance includes Self Certification(July 29, 2020)
Deploying CARES CRF Funds through SHIP Jurisdictions (Training #1) – PowerPoint – CRF Self Certification of Income and Hardship – Forms for CRF Assistance on July 23– Coronavirus Relief Fund – FHFC and DEM Agreements Comparison Aug. 20(July 22, 2020)
Omnibus Housing Bill HB 1339 – How it Affects Your Programs – Recording – PowerPoint(June 30, 2020)
Affordable Housing Funding Sources- Part 2- Recording, PowerPoint, HBLP Flyer for Real Estate Agents, CDBG, 2019 HOP Program Summary, Salute our Soldiers Loan Program(June 15, 2020)
Affordable Housing Funding Sources- Part 1- Recording, PowerPoint(June 2, 2020)
Preparing for the SHIP Monitor- Part 3- Recording, PowerPoint(May 27, 2020)
Preparing for the SHIP Monitor- Part 2- Recording, PowerPoint(May 26, 2020)
Coordinated Investment Planning for Rental Assistance- Webinar Recording, PowerPoint, Availability of Waivers and Suspensions of the HOME Program Requirements COVID-19, FHC Rent Assistance Table, Availability Additional Waivers for CPD Grant Programs to Prevent COVID-19 Spread and Mitigate COVID-19 Economic Impacts, Suspension and Waivers to Facilitate Use of HOME Assisted TBRA COVID-19(May 26, 2020)
Preparing for the SHIP Monitor- Part 1- Recording, PowerPoint(May 21, 2020)
https://omnisoft.mystrikingly.com/blog/mediahuman-youtube-downloader-3-9-9-19-3006-download-free. COVID-19 SHIP Mortgage Assistance Implementation- Recording, PowerPoint(May 20, 2020)
Tracking SHIP Funds Set-Aside Compliance and Deadlines- Recording– PowerPoint– May 19, 2020
COVID-19 SHIP Rent Assistance Implementation- Recording – PowerPoint– May 18, 2020
Introduction to SHIP Rent Subsidies- Recording – PowerPoint – May 5, 2020
Orientation to Pre- and Post-Disaster Recovery with SHIP- Recording – PowerPoint – May 4, 2020
Pre- and Post Disaster Recovery with SHIP, PART 3- Recording – PowerPoint – April 23, 2020
Does Your Community Need a CLT – Recording – PowerPoint – CLT Certification Program Description – CLT Homebuyer Education Module – Model CLT DPA Strategy and Exhibit – Susbsidy Retention and Subsidy Recapture FHC White Paper – April 21, 2020
Virtual SHIP: Taking your Government Functions Online – Recording – PowerPoint – April 21, 2020
Pre- and Post Disaster Recovery with SHIP, PART 2- Recording – PowerPoint – April 20, 2020
Pre- and Post-Disaster Recovery with SHIP, PART 1 – Recording – PowerPoint – April 15, 2020
The Rehabilitation Emergency Repair Process, PART 3 – Recording – PowerPoint – April 14, 2020
Helping Homeowners with COVID-19 SHIP Emergency Assistance – Recording – PowerPoint – April 14, 2020
The Rehabilitation Emergency Repair Process, PART 2 – Recording – PowerPoint – April 13, 2020
The Rehabilitation Emergency Repair Process, PART 1 – Recording – PowerPoint – Contractor Suspension and Disqualification – Emergency Rehab Repair Process – Florida Lien Law – Memorandum 50pct Rule – April 9, 2020
COVID-19 Emergency SHIP Assistance for Renters – Recording – PowerPoint – Apri 2, 2020
Successfully Administering Counseling Assistance – Recording – PowerPoint – March 30, 2020
Macbook won t read sd card. Creating a Paperless SHIP Program – Recording – PowerPoint – Feb. 27, 2020
The Credit Underwriting Process – Recording – PowerPoint– Feb. 10, 2020
Financing and Monitoring Rental Housing with SHIP – Recording – PowerPoint – Feb. 3, 2020
SHIP File Documentation Part 2 – Recording – PowerPoint – Jan. 22, 2020
SHIP File Documentation Part 1 – Recording – PowerPoint – Jan. 9, 2020
2019
New Construction Strategies and Partnerships – Recording – PowerPoint – CLT Homebuyer Education Module – Model CLT DPA strategy and Exhibit – Dec. 11, 2019
Inclusionary Zoning Compliance with HB 7103 – Recording – PowerPoint – Dec. 4, 2019
LHAP Strategies and Amendments – Recording – PowerPoint – Nov. 21, 2019
Roles and Responsibilities of AHAC – Recording – PowerPoint – Nov. 4, 2019
Income Certification for SHIP Applicants (Part 2) – Recording – PowerPoint – Oct. 22, 2019
Income Certification for SHIP Applicants (Part 1) – Recording – PowerPoint – Oct. 15, 2019
Managing a Successful Purchase Assistance Program (Part 2) – Recording – PowerPoint – Sept. 26, 2019
Managing a Successful Purchase Assistance Program (Part 1) – Recording – PowerPoint – Sept. 19, 2019
Accessory Dwelling Units Providing Affordable Housing – Recording – PowerPoint – Sept. 17, 2019
Working with the New Annual Report System – Recording – PowerPoint – Aug. 13 2019
Working with Nonprofits, Sponsors and Subrecipients – Recording – PowerPoint – Aug. 21, 2019
Shared Equity and Community Land Trusts – Recording – PowerPoint – Aug. 6, 2019
Affordable Housing Innovations in HB 7103 – Recording – PowerPoint – July 22, 2019
Preparing for Deadlines and Annual Reports- Recording – PowerPoint – June 27, 2019
SHIP Annual Reports: Guidance on Tracking – Recording – PowerPoint – June 6, 2019
Best Practices for Procurement of Construction and Rehabilitation – Recording – PowerPoint– Apr. 24, 2019
Special Needs Assistance with SHIP Funds – Recording – PowerPoint– Apr. 8, 2019
Managing SHIP in Rural Communities – Recording – PowerPoint – Mar. 18, 2019
SHIP Incentive Strategies and the AHAC – Recording – PowerPoint – Mar. 13, 2019
Preparing for a SHIP Monitoring Visit – Recording – PowerPoint– Mar. 5, 2019
Property Management Series – Webinar 2- Recording – PowerPoint – Feb. 25, 2019
Property Management Series – Webinar 1 – Recording – PowerPoint – Feb. 6, 2019
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Assisting Very Low-Income Homebuyers – Recording – PowerPoint – Jan. 14, 2019
Building Capacity to Build- The Nonprofit as Affordable Housing Developer – Recording – PowerPoint – Jan. Slots bonanza slot machines. 9, 2019
Special Needs RFAs: An Introduction for Nonprofit Developers – Recording – PowerPoint – Dec. 19, 2018
LHAP Strategy Design and Amendments – Recording – PowerPoint – Dec. 10, 2018
Special Needs RFA’s: An Introduction for Local Governments – Recording – PowerPoint – Dec. 5, 2018
Working with Non-profits, Sponsors and Sub-Recipients – Recording – PowerPoint – Nov. 29, 2018
Monitoring SHIP-Assisted Rental Housing – Recording – PowerPoint – Nov. 5, 2018
Effective Written Agreements – Recording – PowerPoint – Oct. 30, 2018
Working with Blended Financing and Subsidy Layering – Recording – PowerPoint – Oct. 23, 2018
Income Certification for SHIP Applicants – Recording – PowerPoint – Oct. 22, 2018
Involving Realtors and Lenders in Purchase Assistance – Recording – PowerPoint – HPA Lender Guidelines, Entitlement Cities, Municipalities Not Receiving SHIP Funding from State – Sept. 19, 2018
Incentives to Encourage the Private Sector to Build Affordable Housing in the Community – Recording – PowerPoint – Sept. 12, 2018
SHIP Rent Limits Policy – Recording – PowerPoint – Aug. 16, 2018
Catalyst Prepare 2018 2019
Pre- and Post- Disaster Recovery with SHIP – Recording – PowerPoint – Aug. 9, 2018
Preparing and Submitting the SHIP Annual Report – Recording – PowerPoint – June 25, 2018
Submitting Applications for FHFC’s Competitive RFA Process – Recording – PowerPoint – June 12, 2018
Emergency Solutions Grant and SHIP – Recording – PowerPoint – FAQ on SHIP Subsidies – Rent Subsidies Sample Strategies – June 6, 2018
Prepare for Deadlines & Annual Reports – Recording – PowerPoint – May 31, 2018
Joint Ventures Series, Part 2: Successful Partnerships – Recording – PowerPoint – Successful Partnerships – Survey Report – May 18, 2018
Joint Ventures Series, Part 1: Options for Partnership – Recording – PowerPoint – April 30, 2018
Development Plan Review – Recording – PowerPoint – April 23, 2018
Financial Management for Nonprofits – Recording – PowerPoint
Housing Counseling Series, Part 2 Successfully Implementing Counseling Assistance – Recording – PowerPoint – SAMPLE CONTRACT Counseling Bid Specs PASCO 2015; SAMPLE CONTRACT Counseling from Kissimmee 2017 – March 5, 2018
Housing Counseling Series, Part 1: Offering SHIP Housing Education and Counseling – Recording – PowerPoint – Feb. 12, 2018
Addressing Complaints in the Rehabilitation Process, Part 4 – Recording – PowerPoint – Jan. 11, 2018
2017
LHAP Strategy Design and Amendments – Recording – PowerPoint – Nov. 4, 2017
Special Needs Assistance with SHIP Funds – Recording – PowerPoint – Nov. 13, 2017
Residential Rehabilitation Webinar Series: Initiating Rehabilitation Assistance – Recording – PowerPoint – Nov. 13, 2017
Best Practices for Implementing a SHIP Rapid Rehousing Strategy – Recording – PowerPoint – Nov. 9, 2017
Community Housing Development Organization (CHDO) Webinar, Part 2 – Recording – PowerPoint – Oct. 25, 2017
Disaster Preparedness and Recovery – Recording – PowerPoint – Oct. 16, 2017
Fnaf 1 freddy. Residential Rehabilitation Webinar Series: Contractor Selection and Evaluation – Recording – PowerPoint – Oct. 5, 2017
Alternative Approaches to Affordable Housing Development – Recording – PowerPoint – Sept. 21, 2017
Hurricane Irma SHIP Response – Recording – PowerPoint – Handout – Sept. 20, 2017
Residential Rehabilitation Webinar Series Roles and Responsibilities – Recording – PowerPoint – Aug. 31, 2017
Catalyst Prepare 2018 2019
Community Housing Development Organization (CHDO) Webinar, Part 1 – Recording – PowerPoint – Aug. 16, 2017
Preparing and Submitting the Annual Report – Recording – PowerPoint – July 31, 2017
Income Qualification Considerations when Working with Homeless Applicants – Recording – PowerPoint – May 11, 2017
Income Certification for SHIP Applicants – Recording – PowerPoint – May 9, 2017
Best Practices for Providing SHIP Rental Assistance to Special Needs and Homeless Households – Recording – PowerPoint – Handout– March 28, 2017
Introduction to SHIP Rent Subsidies 2017 – Recording – PowerPoint – Handout – March 23, 2017
SHIP Incentive Strategies and the AHAC – Recording – PowerPoint – Feb. 28, 2017
Catalyst Prepare 2018 2021
Preparing for SHIP Monitoring – Recording – PowerPoint – Feb. 15, 2017
Successful Strategic Planning for Nonprofit Leaders – Recording – PowerPoint – Feb. 9, 2017
Catalyst Prepare 2018 2020
Preparing for SHIP Monitoring – Recording – PowerPoint – Jan. 11, 2017
2016
Working with Nonprofits, Sponsors and Sub Recipients – Recording – PowerPoint – Dec. 15, 2016
Delivering Effective Housing Counseling – Recording – PowerPoint – Dec. 15, 2016
Best Practices for Serving on a Housing Nonprofit Board – Recording – PowerPoint – Dec. 1, 2016
Effective Written Agreements – Recording – PowerPoint – Nov. 16, 2016
Innovative Affordable Housing Building Methods – Webinar Recording – PowerPoint, PowerPoint- Vanderlaan, PowerPoint-Alford – Nov. 9, 2016
LHAP Strategy and Design Amendments – Webinar Recording – PowerPoint – Oct. 27, 2016
Financial Management for Nonprofits – Webinar Recording – PowerPoint – Oct. 13, 2016
Reducing Energy Cost for Affordable Housing- Recording – PowerPoint – Handout – Sept. 7, 2016
Preparing and Submitting the Annual Report – Recording – PowerPoint – July 19 and July 25, 2016
Working with Nonprofits, Sponsors and Sub-Recipients – Recording – PowerPoint – June 22, 2016
Best Practices for Providing SHIP Rental Assistance (Webinar) – Recording – PowerPoint – June 16, 2016
Preparing for Deadlines & Annual Reports – Recording – PowerPoint – May 2016
Catalyst Prepare 2018 2017
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